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Yarn dyed embroidered linen jacket – Central Asia

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Local NameKhalat, Chapan
Object CategoryOvergarment    
GenderFemale    
Place Of orginAsia
RegionCentral Asia
Object RangeUzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Pakistan, China, Russia, Turkey, Romania
DimensionsLength: 120 cm Width: 165 cm
MaterialsLinen    
TechniqueDyed    Hand Stitched    Hand Embroidered    Woven    
MotifGeometric    Abstract    
ProvenancePurchased, The Blue Souk, Sharjah 1996
LocationThe Zay Zay: (Arabic: costume, Pl. azyaā’), a set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country or historical period. Initiative
StatusIn Storage
ZI numberZI1996.500930 ASIA
Object History
This beautiful and colourful woman’s traditional robe or (khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.  ) was purchased by Dr Reem Tariq

Ṭariq: (Arabic; Synonym: tulle_bi_talli

Tūlle_bi_tallī: (French: Tulle – a city in France where fine material for veil was first made; Turkish: tel – wire; Synonym: tariq; talli; badla; khus_dozi ), series of small metal knots made on a woven net ground as embellishment. The term is commonly used in the North African Arab region specifically in Egypt.

; talli; badla; khus_dozi ), series of small metal knots made on a woven net ground as embellishment. The term is commonly used in the Levant Arab region specifically in Lebanon.

El Mutwalli at the Sharjah Islamic market (suq), known more recently by The Blue Souk – an outstanding market for antiques in the UAE – in 1996. It was eventually added to The Zay Zay: (Arabic: costume, Pl. azyaā’), a set of clothes in a style typical of a particular country or historical period. Initiative to enhance its collection.
 
Object Features
This is a thick linen (ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. ) or (adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. ) robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.  . It could be identified as a (chapan

Chapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garement; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Shapan

Shapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garment; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Chapan), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat with an open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   with open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

) as it is slightly padded. Constructed of (warp Warp: One of the two basic components used in weaving which transforms thread or yarns to a piece of fabric. The warp is the set of yarns stretched longitudinally in place on a loom before the weft Weft: one of the two basic components used in weaving that transforms thread or yarns into a piece of fabric. It is the crosswise thread on a loom that is passed over and under the warp threads. is introduced during the weaving process. ) ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. /adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  fabric the lack of the collar in this piece suggests that it was possibly a women’s chapan

Chapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garement; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Shapan

Shapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garment; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Chapan), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat with an open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   with open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

.
The field of the chapan

Chapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garement; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Shapan

Shapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garment; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Chapan), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat with an open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   with open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

is embellished with yellow, green and blue (chain_stitch Chain_stitch: An embroidery technique where a looped stitch is made in a continuous chain-like pattern. Each stitch is formed by looping the thread through the previous stitch, creating a linked chain.  ) embroidery with repeats of an inverted scalloped leaf motif. A similar motif is reflected in the adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  pattern of the fabric too but in brighter shades rendering a multi-layer embellishment to the piece.
The hemline all over has borders or edging made of a separately braided thick edging piece (jiyek Jiyek: A decorative trim or border constructed of braided silk of vibrant colours often featuring geometric patterns used to decorate and add a distinctive ornamental touch to traditional garments from Central Asia and is considered a part of the rich cultural heritage of the region. ) in brown and ivory silk which is handstitched to the main garment.
The lining of the chapan

Chapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garement; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Shapan

Shapan: (Persian: Chapān – old threadbare garment; or Chagatai: Chāpān, from Arabic: Jubba – Cloak; Synonym: Chapan), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat with an open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

), a type of traditional Central Asian robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   with open front, worn by both men and women. Usually made of silk, velvet, or cotton it is typically quilted or padded.

is a much thinner linen (warp Warp: One of the two basic components used in weaving which transforms thread or yarns to a piece of fabric. The warp is the set of yarns stretched longitudinally in place on a loom before the weft Weft: one of the two basic components used in weaving that transforms thread or yarns into a piece of fabric. It is the crosswise thread on a loom that is passed over and under the warp threads. is introduced during the weaving process. ) adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  in pink, blue and coral Coral: (Greek: korallion, probably from Hebrew: goral – small pebbles), is a pale to medium shade of pink with orange or peach undertones, resembling the colour of certain species of coral. with repeats of an inverted heart-shaped motif almost similar to the outside fabric bordered with a silk fabric woven with a variety of colourful yarns.
This silk fabric forming the border of the lining is further secured with (butterfly_chain_stitch Butterfly_chain_stitch: A composite stitch that includes three vertical straight stitches brought together in the middle by a horizontal twisted chain stitch. ) that acts as an embellishment too.
A Central Asian robe or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   like this is very common around the old Silk Road. It travelled through India and Iran to the Middle East and through Ottoman Turkey as far as Russia and Romania.
In medieval times richly decorated robes or khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   were given as honorific gifts in India a tradition that was borrowed and continued by the British through the Colonial times when khilat a derivative of khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   was used as any gift of money or goods bestowed by the British East India Company.
Thus, it is fascinating how the connotation of a word that was originally loaned from the Arabic word khil’ah Khil’ah: (Arabic: khala’a: to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khalat), traditional honorary clothing bestowed by a ruler to an inferior, started by the prophet Mohammed when he removed his cloak and placed it on Ka'b ibn Zuhayr as a mark of honour. A complete khil’ah may include arms, a horse, or an elephant.  meaning honorary robes changed in Central Asia and referred to any robes. However, when the Central Asian loan word khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   reached South Asia its connotation changed back to the meaning of the original Arabic word.
Similarly, the word has been borrowed in modern Russian to mean any robe, while in Romania a derivative halat is used for garments such as smocks, bathrobes, and dressing gowns.
Additionally, the Yiddish and the Ashkenazi Jewish community use another derivative khalat Khalat: (Arabic: khala’a – to take off, or robe of honour; Synonym: Khil’ah), a traditional Central Asian coat with a simple construction featuring long sleeves, open front, and a flared hem. It has been worn since ancient times by men and women in various forms across the region.   which refers to loose long coats with (shawl Shawl: (Persian: shāl from Hindi: duśālā – Shoulder Mantle), a shawl is a South Asian version of a scarf worn or wrapped loosely over the shoulders and is usually made of wool. ) collars. It is also worth noting that these Central Asian long loose robes were often made of or had lining in silk (ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. ) fabric also known as (adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. ) or (atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

) in Central Asian and Uyghur Turkic respectively is sometimes classified as cloud or (abr) in Tajik as the patterns are reminiscent of the iridescent reflection of clouds on the water.
Usually, silk was cultivated by every household in Central Asia, however, the silk yarn dyeing industry was primarily dominated by the Jewish community of Central Asia.
 
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Central Asian ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  are traditionally (warp Warp: One of the two basic components used in weaving which transforms thread or yarns to a piece of fabric. The warp is the set of yarns stretched longitudinally in place on a loom before the weft Weft: one of the two basic components used in weaving that transforms thread or yarns into a piece of fabric. It is the crosswise thread on a loom that is passed over and under the warp threads. is introduced during the weaving process. ) ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  which means they have silk warps with intricate patterns held together by cotton (weft Weft: one of the two basic components used in weaving that transforms thread or yarns into a piece of fabric. It is the crosswise thread on a loom that is passed over and under the warp threads.). These ikats were made in established locations and required the contribution of at least 13 specialized craftspeople.
Among them were designers or pattern makers, who drew patterns on the warps, makers of hot and cold dyes, expert resist dyers, loom builders, workers who arranged and adjusted the warps on the loom, and weavers who created the final material.
The fact that these crafts were often organised into guilds and comprised of diverse ethnic groups meant that completing a single ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  fabric was a remarkable feat of occupational and ethnic cooperation.
Amongst the Uyghurs (atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

) or ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  was used exclusively for women's clothing. Historically there were twenty-seven types of atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

during the Qing Chinese occupation, out of which only four varieties exist today.
These include the black ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  – qara-atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

– reserved for older women; the yellow, blue, or purple ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  – khoja’e-atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

– worn by married women; red ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  – qizil-atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

– for young girls; and the royal ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  – Yarkent-atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

– which was developed during the Yarkent Khanate – 1514-1705 – and displays a wide range and styles.
The Uyghur word ‘atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

’ and its Central Asian synonym ‘adras Adras: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – silk; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

 – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. ’ is probably a direct loan from either Greek Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

or Arabic ‘(aṭlas)’ which means silk in Arabic, because traditional ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world.  fabric in Central Asia was made of silk fibre.
Opinion is split on the origin of the Arabic term. While one group believes that it comes from the Aramaic word with the same pronunciation which means dusty or black, another suggests that it was a derivative of the Greek Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

a name given to the biggest moth – Attacus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

– in the world's native to China, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia that also happens to produce the finest quality silk.
It is only fitting that one of the biggest moths in the world shares a name with Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world. 

Aṭlas: (Latin: Atticus Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – a large silk producing moth; from Greek: Atlas Atlas: (Arabic and Aramaic: atlas – silk; from Greek: Atlas – Character from Greek mythology Synonym: adras, ikat Ikat: (Indonesian and Malay: Chord, thread, bundle; Synonym: atlas, adras), is a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern. With strong traditions in Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Central America it probably originated independently around the world. , abr), a resist dyeing technique that involves tying and dyeing yarns or threads before weaving, resulting in a distinct pattern.  With strong traditions sporadically across the globe it probably originated independently around the world.  – character from Greek mythology; Synonym: harir

Ḥarīr: (Arabic, Synonym: aṭlas), a common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

), common term for silk in the Arab world especially the Levant.

, the Titan god of Greek mythology cursed to hold up the heavens for eternity and synonymous with endurance. However, scientists have long speculated that it could have been given its name because of the patterns on its wings, which also look like a paper map.
 
Links
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qiYUZbQmbc

  • Valérie Bérinstain, Mary Hunt Kahlenberg, Zaira Mis, Marcel Mis. Asian Costumes and Textiles from the Bosphorus to Fujiyama: The Zaira and Marcel Mis Collection. California: Skira, 2001. 

  • Suleman, Fahmida. Textiles of the Middle East and Central Asia (British Museum) The Fabric of Life. London: Thames and Hudson, 2017. 

  • Embroidery from Afghanistan Fabric, folios. Sheila Paine. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2006. 

  • Sukhareva, Olʹga Aleksandrovna. Suzani Suzani: (Farsi: suzandozi : needlework, from Farsi: suzan: needle, dozi: embellishment), type of embroidered and decorative Central Asian tribal textile art usually on a cotton fabric, embroidered in both silk or cotton thread with primarily chain, satin, and buttonhole stitches as well as couching technique. : Central Asian Decorative Embroidery. Samarkand: SMI Asia, 2013. 

  • https://rjohnhowe.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/christine-brown-on-uzbek-clothing-part-1-the-lecture/ 

  • https://rjohnhowe.wordpress.com/2009/03/25/christine-brown-on-uzbek-clothing-part-2-material-in-the-room/ 

  • https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000130205 

  • https://asiasociety.org/central-asia-political-history-19th-century-present 

  • https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-iranica-online/clothing-COM_7759?lang=fr#COM-10186 

  • https://www.internationalwardrobe.com/lexicon-2/der-mantelchapan-in-usbekistan-2/ 

  • https://www.internationalwardrobe.com/lexicon-2/der-mantelchapan-in-usbekistan-2/ 

  • https://www.textile-forum-blog.org/2023/01/on-the-roads-of-samarkand-wonders-of-silk-and-gold/ 

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